![]() The rallying cry for both types of protest was the slogan Bande Mataram ( Bengali, lit: Hail to the Mother), the title of a song by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, which invoked a mother goddess, who stood variously for Bengal, India, and the Hindu goddess Kali. The violence, however, would be ineffective, as most planned attacks were either pre-empted by the British or failed. The pervasive protests against Curzons decision predominantly took the form of the Swadeshi (buy Indian) campaign, involving a boycott of British goods. The large Bengali-Hindu middle-class (the Bhadralok ), upset at the prospect of Bengalis being outnumbered in the new Bengal province by Biharis and Oriyas, felt that Curzons act was punishment for their political assertiveness. The ruler of Bharatpur is said to have witnessed the ethnic cleansing of his population, especially at places such as Deeg. It is believed that in the Sikh states (except for Jind and Kapurthala) the Maharajas were complacent in the ethnic cleansing of Muslims, while other Maharajas such as those of Patiala, Faridkot, and Bharatpur were heavily involved in ordering them. Other contemporaneous political entities in the region in 1947, the Kingdom of Sikkim, Kingdom of Bhutan, Kingdom of Nepal, and the Maldives were unaffected by the partition. It does not cover the incorporation of the enclaves of French India into India during the period 19471954, nor the annexation of Goa and other districts of Portuguese India by India in 1961. The two self-governing countries of India and Pakistan legally came into existence at midnight on 15 August 1947. ![]() The partition was outlined in the Indian Independence Act 1947 and resulted in the dissolution of the British Raj, or Crown rule in India. Borders And Boundaries Ritu Menon Full Ramifications Of.Previous Section Test Yourself! - Quiz 4 Buy Study Guide How To Cite in MLA Format Sharpe, K. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 27.2: 219-247 ‘Honourable Resolutions’: Gendered Violence, Ethnicity, and the Nation. ![]() "Witnessing gendered testimony: Reader ethics in Bapsi Sidhwa’s Cracking India." The Journal of Commonwealth Literature. Philadelphia : Temple University Press, 2008. ![]() Violent Belongings: Partition, Gender, and National Culture in Postcolonial India: Partition, Gender, and National Culture in Postcolonial India. New Brunswick : Rutgers University Press, 1998. ![]() Borders & Boundaries: Women in India's Partition. The Other Side of Silence: Voices from the Partition of India. Partitioned Lives: Narratives of Home, Displacement, and Resettlement. Copyright held by GradeSaver.Īnjali Gera Roy, Nandi Bhatia. Updated and revised by James Cooper February 14, 2021. ![]()
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